Three Laws of UX

In a recent TEDx talk, Apala Lahiri Chavan from Human Factors International, lays out three laws for UX. It's an engaging and worthwhile talk.

When exploring the first law regarding the user's right to dignity, she implores UX  to go beyond demographic and psychographic elements and discusses the need to understand the values of the user.  I think cultural anthropologists and communication researchers would agree.  There is value in understanding where the user, as an individual, and as a member of community derives value.  Symobographic research is one way to get at the elements of meaning, motive, emotion, and identity to give deeper insights to help with brand and UX work.

You can see the Apala's entire talk on YouTube - http://youtu.be/MiwjplU6kAc .

Picture the Possibilities

Crazy!  Awesome new virtual reality/augmented realities created by tagged photos.

A Communication-Based Approach to Interactive Media

I thought about titling this post “All Media is Social: It’s really not that complicated.” From caveman drawings, to the printing press, through mass media of the 20th century and 21st century, all media is social.  As we work to communicate with each other and negotiate meaning we are interacting in  social processes.    With new technology and the adoption of interactive platforms our lives become noisy leading to the postmodern communication dilemma, right?- the technology that is to make our lives easier seems to make it more complex.  One of the ways to reduce the amount of noise is to take a communication-based approach to interactive media.  Through the lens of communication we can frame interactive media (web, social media, digital communication, online communities, etc.) .  Confusion about adoption patterns, listening, participating, community, etc., can be seen more clearly with the use of a few good communication theories.

There’s nothing more useful than a good theory.

-Kurt Lewin

There’s nothing more useful than a good communication theory

-John Cragan

Theories, pragmatically, help us understand, predict, and explain phenomena.  In this case, communication phenomena.    While the interactive landscape may seem confusing a few communication theories can help us cut through the noise – to better understand, explain, and hopefully predict what is going on.

I know, you’re thinking “hey, that’s fine in theory, Poindexter, but what about the real world?”  Good point, but the Poindexter thing may have been offsides.  If your theory doesn’t work in the real world, if it doesn’t have utility, then it’s not a good theory. It’s really that simple.

Over the next few weeks, I’m going to go into more depth about some particularly useful theories, the importance of listening (think customer centricity, user-centered design, and research), the art & science of interactive media (the zen like nature of human and digital communication), and applications of these concepts as they relate to building a better brand and improving marketing communication performance.  Together, these should provide an organizing framework to  help you meet your business goals, as well as helping your customers with their interaction goals.

The theories or frames that will be covered in the next series are:

1. Information Systems.Claude Shannon’s theory of message integrity.  While initially developed as a mathematical model for machine to machine communication, it provides a solid framework for human communication.
2. Symbolic Convergence Theory  (SCT).  Developed by Ernie Bormann and advance by Cragan and Shields,  SCT helps us understand how meaning, motive, identity, and emotion can chain out from any message or communication episode.  Elements of SCT have been covered earlier in the blog, notably here and  here.
3. Narrative Paradigm Theory (NPT).  We often here that you need to tell a good story.  That’s right.  NPT, advanced by Walt Fisher).  What does your story, or collection of stories, need to hold true and resonate with your audience.
4. Diffusion of Innovation.  From the work of E. Rogers.  From his work we have insights to how an innovation (like a new idea, or technology) is adopted or not through networks and cultures.
5. Dramatism or Burke’s Dramatism Theory (BDT).  Looks at other elements of the dramatic nature of human communication and how we identify with the speaker/message sender.

With each post about the theories, I will provide applications and how those elements need to account for here-and-now phenomena and make current communication elements like  social media less mystical and abstract.

Feel free to send me questions that you may have or communication issues that your organization may be dealing with and I will work to incorporate into future posts.

Tropicana Design Mishap

As noted on "Under Consideration," Tropicana is reverting back to its old design...or the one that was recognizable.   The design may have been acceptable for a Web 2.0 site, but is not the right move when consumers, especially those in your tribe, are trying to find your product in the commodity laden refrigerated section.  The iconic logo was easy to spot and differentiated from other OJs. The new (now old) logo looked more like a generic.  

Perhaps the PR team will argue that this is generating buzz, but I don't think it's going to have a long-term positive effect on sales or the brand.  I'm curious to know what, if any, research when in to creating the creative blueprint for this.  I must say that this post makes me want to pour myself a nice glass of of pulp free Minute Maid.

Thanks to Rett for the link.

Recent Social Network Demographic Data

Today's eMarketer update has recent demographics regarding social networks. It aligns with Pew's research, released this month, which shows rapid adoption of social networks among adults.

Take Aways: eMarketer has great updates, and Pew is a great resource for research regarding internet impact in the U.S.

Outliers

I hope that everyone is recovering nicely from Thanksgiving. It was a relaxing and fun day for us in Minneapolis. We did not travel as we are preparing HQ for another junior agent.

I finished Gladwell’s Outliers last night. It was a great read. Using the term Outlier in it’s scientific and statistical sense, Gladwell describes stories of successful individuals, but moves beyond the Algers-esque stories of a strong individual. He looks at the socio-economic, cultural, and historic elements that also contribute to working for or against one’s success. Here's Gladwell talking about why he wrote the book:

In the case of Outliers, the book grew out a frustration I found myself having with the way we explain the careers of really successful people. You know how you hear someone say of Bill Gates or some rock star or some other outlier—"they're really smart," or "they're really ambitious?' Well, I know lots of people who are really smart and really ambitious, and they aren't worth 60 billion dollars. It struck me that our understanding of success was really crude—and there was an opportunity to dig down and come up with a better set of explanations.

I was surprised Gladwell did not explicitly acknowledge or reference Anthony Giddens’ theory of sturcturation. In a similar vein, I was surprised that Tipping Point did not acknowledge Rogers’ work on Diffusions of Innovation…while I’m at it, why Bourdieu’s work was not surfaced in the cultural discussions. Those nits aside, I really enjoyed the book and thought it is a great way to help us think more critically about the socio-symbolic construction of reality.

Some of the more interesting stories for me were those of Bill Gates early high school opportunities; Bill Joy’s college experience (some similar elements to that of Gates’ high school experience – both had, at the time, rare opportunities to program on time share clients); the Beatles early days in Hamburg, and the socio-cultural elements of Columbian and Korean co- pilots that make it difficult for them to raise questions or provide a change of course in times of emergency. Yet the most interesting for me may have been the discussion of the KIPP (knowledge is power program) in the New York City school system.

I recommend the book.

Takeaways: Culture and history continue to provide “here-and-now” phenomena that shape our symbolic reality; and the boot straps story is really kind of hogwash (sorry Ayn Rand).

Don't violate the here-and-now...or don't scare people with bombs

Interesting article from Brandweek about a Dark Knight promo that bombed.

Here's the basics of the article:

A Dark Knight promotion, featuring a chocolate cake wired to look like an explosive device, prompted a local San Antonio, Texas, news station to call in the bomb squad earlier this week.
Echoing the Aqua Teen Hunger Force bomb scare in Boston in Feb. 2007, the low-budget guerilla campaign delivered some unintended results for the Santikos Theater chain.

A couple of things:
- Yes, you need to be symbolically unique, but you shouldn't be reckless (unless that's part of your brand).
- No, you shouldn't violate most general norms of your audience. The cake (as far as I know has no real safe signifier to folks to say "hey it's a joke."


There are a few of you out there that are saying "Hey, look, buzz..."if you still believe that hack version marketing, I have nothing for you. I just ask that you get out of you polyester used-car salesman suit and move on. In the case of the Dark Knight, I'm guessing that the record-setting weekend attendance wasn't from your guerrilla/dunce marketing team. It was from more traditional channels, supported by a sad story about a co-star, and an interesting use of trailers at Imax theaters last winter -- that were then propagated through YouTube.

I think the Aqua Teen Hunger Force (ATHF) version was a bit different, because its stunt, the people charged with the crime, and the "bomb" were all fairly well aligned with Adult Swim/ATHF guerilla promotion. So, it got some points for being grounded with its audience. Still a bit risky, but that's inline with the overall brand. The Dark Knight promotion seemed lazy and stupid...unlike the depth and thought provoking nature of the actual Batman text as interpreted by Director Christopher Nolan.

Minnesota's Sesquicentennial

This week the State of Minnesota is celebrating its Sesquicentennial. I think it’s another great example of how we live in a symbolic reality with competing converging and diverging interpretations of symbolic fact. The material facts are pretty simple with this one, the State of Minnesota (as it was charted and brought into the United States) is marking its 150th anniversary. The symbolic facts can generate a little more positive or negative energy depending on your vantage point. Also the symbolic facts are those that are up to the audience member and convey emotion, identity, meaning, and motive for action. As this article by Kara McGuire in the Star Tribune points out, the history and its meaning are quite different for Native Americans than it is for the descendents of European settlers and immigrants. For Native American tribe members, the emotion is much different than that of the proud politician. The motive for action is clearly different as well – rather than music and banners, one might want a somber reminder of the deaths of their forefathers.

In another article/editorial from the same paper, we have another perspective on the celebration – more specifically why the celebration can’t be too loud and that loud noise could break some buildings. Given the bridge collapse last August, the State doesn’t need to remind its citizens of how tax dollars have or have not been spent and how that spending has protected, or not protected us.

So, one basic element, a 150 year anniversary, can be seen as a celebration, a dark reminder, or a potential hazard. There are many more items that come to mind for people who have lived here for generations and for those of us “outsiders” who were born elsewhere. The way these symbolic facts generate emotion and identity can bring constituents together or drive them apart. A skilled communicator can help position the positive elements of the state’s rich history and not have their story derailed by competing interpretations.

Communication 2.0: Symbolic Identity, Interactivity, and Research

Over the past few weeks, I’ve been in an extensive dialogue with some professional colleagues regarding the importance of reputation management (which in many ways is a return to good, solid communication and public relations practices) to provide communication value in a (long-tail media) world of fragmented communication channels.

Our discussions have reinforced my thinking about some of the key areas that are/will be needed by communication professionals in the 21st century. In short, I believe that communication professionals must embrace and master a holistic approach when it comes to integrated communication. There are three areas that comprise this holistic approach - (1) symbolic identity (or brand management), (2) interactive strategies and tactics (continuing to master all media and channels at your disposal), and (3) communication-based research.

Symbolic Identity & Brand
As the number of media channels continue to expand and traditional (and not so traditional) audience groups continue to segment the need for a strong brand and understanding of your symbolic identity is imperative for marketing and communication professionals. Having a cohesive, understood symbolic identity helps you cope with the changing elements of your audience. We, as humans, continue to re-tribalize through our symbol systems – most of which are now delivered electronically. This retribalization makes it nearly impossible for communication practitioners to master, let alone manage, all available channels. Instead, one should understand the symbolic dramas that comprise their brand or identity (see research). In many ways, as Reis has said, it is the rise (or return) of PR, as communication professionals need to manage reputation (and symbol systems) rather than channels. One way to do so is to be honest to your identity – know what it is you are and embrace it – don’t try to be all things to all people, it will help you in the wild, wild west of Web 2.0. It is my belief that most brand damage comes from within – try not shoot yourself in the foot buckeroo.

Interactive Strategies & Tactics
The name of the game, so far this century, is interactive. The Web, Web 2.0, Social Media, etc. continue to be new, or emerging, channels that introduce a new vernacular. We need to continue to use good, sound communication practices and balance that redundancy with the novelty of new channels. The channels enable and restrict the message as well as the potential bandwidth for our symbols. We no longer have the luxury of mastering a few channels and messages – in a world when we generally had similar shared experiences when it came to the places and types of media we consumed. However, we need to understand how the Web, interactive, and mobile is changing the way we negotiate meaning with our publics and the cue-givers. Appointment television is over. Newspaper readership is dying. However, interactive continues to grow and better yet it is measurable (with the caveat that just because you can measure doesn’t mean it’s valuable). With the growth of interactive channels and devices it is important to know how new technology enables and constrains your communication with your audience segments. Strategically, you need to understand and master grounding your symbolic identity in a valuable way with your constituents. Tactically, you need to consider messaging and CRM tactics that leverage an interactive world that is continuing to leave the desktop and mouse behind. Think about the iPhone and gesture technology, texting (and the vernacular or vulgar, depending on your point of view), and search engines influencing web traffic as examples of how new media is changing the communication landscape.

Communication-Based Research
Finally, research. Specifically, communication-based research (qualitative and quantitative), like that in SymbolicID. What’s research have to do with the two items above? Well, a lot frankly. You need to know what symbolic visions or dramas your audiences are participating in. The best way to get there is to use communication-based research. Communication professionals need to understand how to operationalize communication variables and constructs. This is what helps you tell a fact from a not-fact and avoids expensive scavenger hunts with your communication campaigns. You need to know what creates value for your constituents. You need to measure and manage the customer-experience. Beyond traditional marketing and research metrics (which are necessary but not sufficient), you need to be able to understand meaning, motive, identity, and emotion as the construct a symbolic reality for your audience segments. You also need to understand the current value and life cycle standing of your symbolic identity. This understanding impacts your communication strategies and tactics. Remember, all symbolic visions have a life cycle, which includes five stages:
1. Consciousness Creation (bringing a new symbolic identity to life - -think innovation);
2. Consciousness Raising (growing the vision, expanding your audience);
3. Consciousness Sustaining (shielding the committed, inoculating against competing visions);
4. Decline (the vision loses currency in the symbolic marketplace) and; finally,
5. Implosion (the vision dies as there is no symbolic value in the market place).

Research helps you better understand, explain and predict audience behavior. Through a mix of research tools available to us, it becomes easier to conduct research from easy to conduct quantitative surveys and polls, to in-depth qualitative work. While it becomes easier, like our communication practices, you need good, solid research practices to help you separate facts from noisy and expensive non-facts. Communication-based research is the key to "cracking the code" on constituent behavior. Research is sounding pretty valuable right now isn’t it? To what extent can you currently explain and predict your audience behavior?

In summary, the three components of symbolic identity, interactivity, and research helps tie together a unified and valuable approach to communicating with our constituents in the 21st century. A holistic approach, grounded with the previously mentioned touchstones, will prevent a confusing smattering of shotgun tactics that can hurt more than help your brand. Instead the approach enables you to effectively tie together your strategy and tactics in a valuable and meaningful way. Utilizing these elements will prevent you from wasting energy trying to keep up with the Joneses 2.0. Right, everything just sounds more authoritative if you throw a “2.0” on the end. But seriously, you should really focus on the trifecta of symbolic identity, interactivity, and research.

Language Acquisition & Symbographic Research

I recently sat in on a lecture/salon regarding language acquisition research and it re-confirmed the power and value of SymbographicTM research to help understand the meaning, motive, emotion, and identity of constituent groups and audience segments.

As some of you know, my wife is in the data collection phase of her PhD dissertation. She is using a mixed-methods approach -- looking at motivation among middle school-aged students to persist or not in foreign language immersion programs. I sat in on a presentation she gave earlier in the week and saw some strong parallels in her research and those of my research and consulting background in communication and symbolic identity. Not to trivialize her research or over simplify it, but rather to keep this post a manageable length I’ll focus on two items – the value of Symbographic research in understanding your audience segments and the need to conduct research with your target customers and constituents.

1) In her research, she is seeing strong elements of motivation and identification that would not be picked up solely in a quantitative study. From a SymbolicID and Symbolic Convergence perspective this makes sense. While we may have people that are demographically and sociographically similar, their motives and identification with a foreign language are quite different. From a Symbographic perspective, some of the students persist for righteous reasons (they want to learn more, stretch the brain, etc. – which is quite interesting that middle-schoolers are that progressive), while others do it for more social reasons – family and peer group influence, or by learning other languages you can communicate with more people. Social reasons may exist for not persisting as well, as the kids are now feeling nervous about fitting in with their peers. I’m guessing there would be few pragmatic reasons for persisting in a language immersion program.

2) Another element in my wife’s research is way the students have been traditionally left out of the research. Some scholars are recognizing and calling for research with the students when discerning their motivation for persisting – not continuing to rely on the teachers and parents for data. This reminded me that we often gloss over the customer/end-user in our communication and research efforts, like the students have been in previous motivation research.

Take-Aways
1) Symbographic research provides valuable insight into the meaning, motive, identity and emotion of your consitituent groups and audience segments. By understanding the dramas (righteous, social, pragmatic, hybrid, or no vision) you can more effectively communicate with your audience than relying on your standard demo-, socio-, and psycho-graphic research.

2) Remember the end-user/customer in your research and design.